A1: Those made of a crust of ice. The melting and refreezing with the dirt/dust on the planet would change any evident spots.
A2: ...planets with a highly elliptical orbit probably exhibit differential rotation.
A: The star that isn't blinking is the larger one, since the other one orbits around it.
Purpose: To completely baffle ourselves with unintelligible data and archaic graphing techniques with the help of a solar telescope and some differential rotation of the sun.
Procedure:
A: A "blue moon" is an expression which says that when things happen, it is very rare. It is very rare that you will get a "blue moon". You might get a "red moon", but you hardly see a blue one. Eclipses are rare to [sic] because they don't happen every day. During the January-March period, Earth will see 2 eclipses. Since eclipses are rare, astronomers can study them when they are occuring.
A: Most stars are found in the main sequence because they only spend a small fraction of their lives in the transitional regions outside the main sequence, like cars in garages.
A: They are not as dangerous.
A: The density of the cooler region is greater then [sic] the hotter region. It's like if you put a rock in a pot of boiling water, but not really, because it would be hard to achieve pressure equilibrium in this way, but kind of. The only was [sic] rock can withstand the pressure is if it were dense, according to pv=nRT.
A: The most common molecule is H2, but it is difficult to observe, so the most heavily observed molecule is Titanium oxyllar [sic] because the emission lines are easier to observe.
A: A lake that is in equipotential has come to a constant elevation whereas a river flows either from high elevation to low elevation or vice versa. [!!]
A: Quasars are only a few parsecs or smaller in size because of their extreme distance.
A: Galaxy collision is one theory, huge pieces of mass collided (supposedly in the "big bang"), creating many planets which all were gravitationally attracted to one another thus forming this spherical orbitting [sic] system which we now know to be our galaxy.
A: different galaxies -- supports collision theory and gravitational manner craterings of Earth -- suggests earth was ripped off or smashed with other huge masses
A:
A: The temperature will probably be cold, because it is far in space. Maybe use big termomiter [sic].
A: According to fraunhofer [sic] lines the Sun has the most extensive set of observed absorption lines. Also, the sun has low density but the emission spectrum does not have any density.
A: Due to all the life that takes place on earth it makes its way up to the sky and thereby creating a visible atmosphere. It is too bright out during the daytime to view stars.
A: The sky appears blue during the day b/c there is a lot of Hydrogen in the air. The sky has more emmission [sic] spectrum and the Sun is full of absorption spectrum. The Sun wants to gain energy but the sky wants to get rid of the energy by ejecting a photon.
A1: You would want to launch East so as to go with the flow of gravity which moves counter-clockwise.
A2: You would launch it going south because it takes less energy to move something down than it does to move that same object up/to the side. Then, once the object is in motion, it will stay in motion until another force stops/slows it.
A: The best place for the launch complex would be wherever it would be closest to the horizon so it could escape into the horizon as quickly as possible. Also a flat plane so that the rocket aims straight into the horizon.
A: Too cold. Ask God to turn on the heater.
A: [math calculations] v=3162m/s. This is a much faster speed than I would have expected for a candy bar, especially considering that candy bars have no self propelled movement. The only time a candy bar should be moving is when I'm bringing it toward my mouth.
A: I would expect the angular resolution of a 5-meter radio telescope to be better than 0.01 arcsecond because a radio telescope has to deal with light and spectrums. [sic]
A1: The larger one will cool faster because it will cool slower because the inner temp will escape in less time as it works its way through the surface.
A2: Since larger is 8 times more massive and density is equal, the larger is 8 times as voluptuous. Since the cooling varies directly with surface area/volume ratio, which is 3/r, the smaller one will cool 8 times faster.
A3: The planet with more density would cool faster.
A: Magnetic field would create gravity thus, planet would influence motion of other planets or capture asteroids or get moons.
A: Venus would be best observed when it in [sic] opposition with the sun. Meanwhile Jupiter would be best observed while in conjunction.
A: If the Earth didn't have an atmosphere then it probably wouldn't have much gravity. This is astronomically significant because we would probably not have a moon.
A1: Radioactive decay causes the release of energy in the sun's core which then travels outward towards the surface.
A2: [For the Sun] The energy source for the sun is its mantle. [For Jupiter] The energy source of Jupiter may be its methane. This burns up in the mantle and thus gives off pressure that forms volcanoes.
A: When 2 planets or objects align with the Sun on the same side of the Solar System and form a right angle. a) When the earth, aligns with Mars and the Sun to form a right angle. b) When the Venus [sic] and Mercury align in such a way as to form a right angle.
A: Because some of them were more visible, but more importantly because they moved horizontally, from W to E, and not vertically like the stars.
A: We know that Jupiter has many different layers of compressed gasses like metalic [sic] hydrogen, some silicates, and a metal core that is a little larger than earth because the Russians sent a wearther [sic] balloon through its atmosphere.
A: The phase must be full moon. The moon will rise at sunset, probably around 6AM.
A: If it were possible, I would choose air bubbles because no matter how many times they have been recycled through different stages, they would be the best indicator. On earth, air bubbles give evidence of a longer history than rocks do because rocks get sucked into the earth sometimes through plate tect.
A: For the Earth to have a magnetic field, it is essential for it to have its core emitting waves and to receive the Electro Magnetic [sic] waves from the Sun to interact with its own atmosphere. Of course, it also needs the gravity to maintain this atmosphere. Jupiter generates its atmosphere and m. field through its rapid rotation which heats up the core.
A: No, the image is very lucid.
A: Because the air and atmosphere interfere.
A: It would still be held together because there is no gravity and the atoms wouldn't separate.
A: A 100-kg satellite orbiting Jupiter has more gravitational potential energy than a 100-kg satellite orbiting the Earth, assuming both satellites orbit at the same distance from the planet centers, because there is more gravity on Earth, and Earth is more solid -- it could keep falling through Jupiter.
A: [Student has English as a second language. This is a partial answer.] The corona is at a very high temperature location, so hydrogen and helium do not have their erections.
A: 0.8660254 meters [no work shown]
A: [Student uses Kepler's law correctly, but puts units on at end] 10 grams = total mass
The center of the moon's mass is not at the center of the moon because the gravity is stronger on the far side of the moon. This causes the light face of the moon to face us. The dark side of the moon has heavier magma made of "basalt rock". This is how the dark side of the moon is so dark.
The dark side of the moon does not face use ever because the gravity is heavier and the moon is asymmetrical. Its development is different from the light side of the moon. The lava of the moon could not make through the dense material that was on the dark side of the moon. The lava was trapped to form hard magma.
On the light side of the moon the lava was able to burst through. On the light side of the moon lava is hotter and thats why its lighter. On the Dark side lava is cooler. Thats why dark side is heavier than the light side. We can only see the light side. Also the moons gravity tilts the dark side so we can't see it.
[Student has a picture of the near side of the Moon labeled "The Dark side of the Moon" and a picture of the far side labeled "The light side of the moon".]
A: The one with the smaller mass will be less luminous than the one with the larger mass because the one with larger mass will secrete more energy per second than the one with the smaller mass.
A: It's [sic] average density will be much less than the density of water due to the fact that all of the central energy and emission would red-shift with the growth, thus leaving it not as dense as it was earlier and definitely less than water.
A: The Sun will have a shorter lifetime then [sic] that star because the Sun does not have as much matter to ignite in its core to maintain the stars [sic] shells from not collapsing in. The material in the star will be consumed more quickly then [sic] that of the Suns [sic], but the Sun will most likely seize to exist before the other star.
A: Dangerous.
Some answers: Miami, FL; Texas; Boston; Detroit; Greenwich; Mexico; Ecuador; South America; Australia.
A: In a vaccuum[sic], objects accelerate at 8 m/s/s.
A1: The Sun.
A2: The North Star.
A2: The peripheal [I don't know what this is].
A: Because there needs some power to accelerate against gravity.
A: [1st and 3rd laws correct] 2. The orbit of a planet will scoop out an equilarium.
A1: Blue would be cooler and red hotter because red is fire and blue is water.
A2: Blue corresponds to cooler stars and red corresponds to hotter ones. According to humans, red is the universal symbol for hot and blue is the universal symbol for cold.
A: The Moon increases the amount of light that reaches Earth, therefore, decreasing the disparity between the void of space and the light of the stars.
A: The Venus's atmosphere, mostly covers with surfuric [sic] acid. When Sun's radioactive ray heats the Venus's cruster [sic], it converted to CO2 and worth the surface.
A: Impact craters are circular because when they travel near the sun, the sun creates tails or gas and dust on the craters. The sun smooths out the shape and the craters remain circular.
A1: The moon may have been hit by craters perhaps not of this universe, or the universe may be older than we actually believe it to be.
A2: The highlands have more craters b/c They're [sic] higher up in elevation so more bolides can hit That [sic] area because They're [sic] closer.
A3: That part had craters on it when it was still part of the Earth.
A: No idea. Honestly, if I tried it would just look like a monkey had attempted it. About the same math skills, anyway.
A: Canyons in moons [sic] surface where lava may have once flown.
A: The asteroids got in between them.
A: Mercury, Venus. Because they are the only planets that come between us and the sun and therefore exhibit differential rotation.
Q: Describe the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of frequency, wavelength, and energy. Distinguish among radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays.
A: The electro magnetic [sic] spectrum is an electrical magnetic field that covers the earth[sic]. These electric and magnetic fields vibrate. This electro magnetic [sic] field (light) is made up of small particles called "photons". [Student writes correctly about visible light and infrared.] Radio waves are even more further right then infrared waves. Radio waves are the longest and detected as vibrations in the human ear (which allows us to hear).
A1: [partial answer] Rings of Saturn -- showed that the Earth moved due to the existance[sic] of these + gravity.
A2: Objects in the sky, such as birds and clouds, move with the earth[sic]. This supported the Copernican view that the planets orbit the Sun.
A: Pluto is a bit different than the rest. It is small like a terrestrial planet but is comprised of low densit ice and is rather cold considering its distance from the Sun. It is possible that Pluto is an object roaming the outer portions of our solar system.
A: The moon[sic] acted as to light up the sky. This helped us see more stars than we would be able to without that light.
A1: All except Uranus. On all the planets except Uranuse [sic], regions near the equator have to rotate faster in order to make the same rotation as regions on the poles. Because Uranus is tilted on its side and rotates vertically, spots on its 90 degree longitude will rotate faster than on 0 degree or 180 degree, but the principle is the same for all planets.
A2: Ones affected by other planets/moons/objects. Magnetism & gravity slightly speeding up or slowing down the rotation period.
A: Even though the Jovian planets are far away from the Sun, they still have a lot of greenhouse gasses which trap the heat from the Sun. The planets also create their own internal heat which the gas then traps inside. As a result, all the planets are very hot.
A1: The objects at lower altitudes may have a direction further away. The zenith is 90 degrees altitude but has no direction since it is straight overhead.
A2: Below the zenith, the light, coming from the object of observation, has to travel the least distance and has the best angular resolution.
A3: They are closer therefore sharper + the Earth's shape is more oblong than spherical.
avondale@bu.edu