Thermal properties of various materials computed from spline fits to thermal conductivities theta is thermal conductivity integrated from 0 K to tabulated temperature (spline fit sum in 1 K increments) cond is conductivity from spline fit A. Harris, 1993 High purity copper, from Scott p. 344 Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 1.598E+04 6.506E+03 : : 20.0 2.011E+05 9.501E+03 : : 50.0 3.027E+05 1.194E+03 : : 65.0 3.163E+05 7.262E+02 : : 77.0 3.240E+05 5.841E+02 : : 100.0 3.360E+05 4.792E+02 : : 150.0 3.583E+05 4.288E+02 : : 200.0 3.795E+05 4.215E+02 : : 295.0 4.195E+05 4.207E+02 : ********************************************* Copper, electrolytic tough pitch, from Scott p. 344 Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 1.118E+03 3.926E+02 : : 20.0 1.691E+04 1.400E+03 : : 50.0 5.476E+04 9.110E+02 : : 65.0 6.604E+04 6.407E+02 : : 77.0 7.295E+04 5.350E+02 : : 100.0 8.410E+04 4.479E+02 : : 150.0 1.048E+05 4.013E+02 : : 200.0 1.244E+05 3.881E+02 : : 295.0 1.609E+05 3.824E+02 : ********************************************* Tellurium copper, from Scott p. 344 Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 3.313E+02 1.362E+02 : : 20.0 6.959E+03 6.308E+02 : : 50.0 2.898E+04 6.648E+02 : : 65.0 3.782E+04 5.348E+02 : : 77.0 4.384E+04 4.792E+02 : : 100.0 5.410E+04 4.200E+02 : : 150.0 7.411E+04 3.908E+02 : : 200.0 9.357E+04 3.870E+02 : : 295.0 1.298E+05 3.787E+02 : ********************************************* Beryllium copper, Scott p. 345 Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 4.630E+00 1.841E+00 : : 20.0 1.068E+02 1.070E+01 : : 50.0 6.779E+02 2.639E+01 : : 65.0 1.122E+03 3.230E+01 : : 77.0 1.534E+03 3.594E+01 : : 100.0 2.450E+03 4.286E+01 : : 150.0 4.897E+03 5.443E+01 : : 200.0 7.875E+03 6.466E+01 : : 295.0 1.465E+04 7.742E+01 : ********************************************* Copper, phosphorus deoxidized (phosphor bronze), Scott p. 344 Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 2.115E+01 8.235E+00 : : 20.0 4.376E+02 4.272E+01 : : 50.0 2.671E+03 9.988E+01 : : 65.0 4.313E+03 1.171E+02 : : 77.0 5.807E+03 1.303E+02 : : 100.0 9.021E+03 1.486E+02 : : 150.0 1.728E+04 1.812E+02 : : 200.0 2.703E+04 2.101E+02 : : 295.0 4.940E+04 2.600E+02 : ********************************************* Phosphorized Copper from Superconducting Machines Book Extrapolated below about 50 K Agrees within 10-20% with Scott values Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 1.387E+01 6.190E+00 : : 20.0 4.162E+02 4.145E+01 : : 50.0 2.451E+03 8.880E+01 : : 65.0 3.928E+03 1.060E+02 : : 77.0 5.275E+03 1.177E+02 : : 100.0 8.195E+03 1.357E+02 : : 150.0 1.572E+04 1.632E+02 : : 200.0 2.440E+04 1.817E+02 : : 295.0 4.294E+04 2.064E+02 : ********************************************* Silver 99.999% pure, from Scott p. 344 Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 3.077E+04 1.254E+04 : : 20.0 2.235E+05 5.438E+03 : : 50.0 2.732E+05 6.093E+02 : : 65.0 2.808E+05 4.575E+02 : : 77.0 2.861E+05 4.274E+02 : : 100.0 2.957E+05 4.199E+02 : : 150.0 3.165E+05 4.120E+02 : : 200.0 3.371E+05 4.132E+02 : : 295.0 3.764E+05 4.099E+02 : ********************************************* 6063 Al Alloy, from Scott p. 344 Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 8.451E+01 3.439E+01 : : 20.0 1.812E+03 1.678E+02 : : 50.0 9.131E+03 2.737E+02 : : 65.0 1.313E+04 2.594E+02 : : 77.0 1.611E+04 2.412E+02 : : 100.0 2.140E+04 2.210E+02 : : 150.0 3.179E+04 2.014E+02 : : 200.0 4.178E+04 1.991E+02 : : 295.0 6.086E+04 2.033E+02 : ********************************************* 1100 Aluminum Alloy, from Scott p. 344 Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 1.359E+02 5.426E+01 : : 20.0 2.798E+03 2.604E+02 : : 50.0 1.354E+04 3.756E+02 : : 65.0 1.877E+04 3.218E+02 : : 77.0 2.242E+04 2.888E+02 : : 100.0 2.851E+04 2.461E+02 : : 150.0 3.997E+04 2.209E+02 : : 200.0 5.090E+04 2.167E+02 : : 295.0 7.137E+04 2.158E+02 : ********************************************* 347 Stainless steel, Scott p. 345 Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 6.235E-01 2.320E-01 : : 20.0 1.724E+01 1.997E+00 : : 50.0 1.395E+02 5.759E+00 : : 65.0 2.371E+02 7.105E+00 : : 77.0 3.270E+02 7.813E+00 : : 100.0 5.245E+02 9.185E+00 : : 150.0 1.036E+03 1.117E+01 : : 200.0 1.630E+03 1.254E+01 : : 295.0 2.922E+03 1.449E+01 : ********************************************* Stainless steel, from White, very close to Scott Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 7.652E-01 3.000E-01 : : 20.0 1.676E+01 1.858E+00 : : 50.0 1.439E+02 6.169E+00 : : 65.0 2.461E+02 7.283E+00 : : 77.0 3.374E+02 7.869E+00 : : 100.0 5.306E+02 8.885E+00 : : 150.0 1.030E+03 1.100E+01 : : 200.0 1.624E+03 1.266E+01 : : 295.0 2.940E+03 1.490E+01 : ********************************************* Steel, from Scott p. 345 and tables for SAE1020 to fill low end Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 4.291E+01 1.222E+01 : : 20.0 3.350E+02 2.300E+01 : : 50.0 1.430E+03 4.794E+01 : : 65.0 2.212E+03 5.525E+01 : : 77.0 2.894E+03 5.828E+01 : : 100.0 4.292E+03 6.249E+01 : : 150.0 7.528E+03 6.594E+01 : : 200.0 1.085E+04 6.706E+01 : : 295.0 1.713E+04 6.552E+01 : ********************************************* Constantan, from Scott p. 344 Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 1.803E+00 8.518E-01 : : 20.0 8.039E+01 8.917E+00 : : 50.0 5.014E+02 1.710E+01 : : 65.0 7.693E+02 1.837E+01 : : 77.0 9.950E+02 1.909E+01 : : 100.0 1.446E+03 2.015E+01 : : 150.0 2.492E+03 2.156E+01 : : 200.0 3.601E+03 2.271E+01 : : 295.0 5.867E+03 2.473E+01 : ********************************************* Brass, from ESTEC values Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 7.255E+00 3.000E+00 : : 20.0 2.109E+02 2.085E+01 : : 50.0 1.216E+03 4.454E+01 : : 65.0 1.973E+03 5.552E+01 : : 77.0 2.691E+03 6.328E+01 : : 100.0 4.284E+03 7.392E+01 : : 150.0 8.300E+03 8.500E+01 : : 200.0 1.279E+04 9.498E+01 : : 295.0 2.292E+04 1.187E+02 : ********************************************* CFC M40A (high modulus), Cryogenics Nov. 84 via ESTEC Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 5.037E-02 1.677E-02 : : 20.0 1.872E+00 2.500E-01 : : 50.0 2.791E+01 1.700E+00 : : 65.0 6.322E+01 3.051E+00 : : 77.0 1.102E+02 4.685E+00 : : 100.0 2.635E+02 8.980E+00 : : 150.0 1.047E+03 2.240E+01 : : 200.0 2.345E+03 2.850E+01 : : 295.0 5.053E+03 2.850E+01 : ********************************************* NBS G10, sheet Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 2.601E-01 8.799E-02 : : 20.0 2.767E+00 2.064E-01 : : 50.0 1.043E+01 2.955E-01 : : 65.0 1.525E+01 3.443E-01 : : 77.0 1.962E+01 3.790E-01 : : 100.0 2.900E+01 4.330E-01 : : 150.0 5.308E+01 5.367E-01 : : 200.0 8.281E+01 6.484E-01 : : 295.0 1.526E+02 8.241E-01 : ********************************************* Kevlar, from M. Griffin's power law approx Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 6.235E-01 2.320E-01 : : 20.0 1.724E+01 1.997E+00 : : 50.0 1.395E+02 5.759E+00 : : 65.0 2.371E+02 7.105E+00 : : 77.0 3.270E+02 7.813E+00 : : 100.0 5.245E+02 9.185E+00 : : 150.0 1.036E+03 1.117E+01 : : 200.0 1.630E+03 1.254E+01 : : 295.0 2.922E+03 1.449E+01 : ********************************************* Teflon, from ESTEC notes Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 1.023E-01 4.090E-02 : : 20.0 1.883E+00 1.570E-01 : : 50.0 7.550E+00 2.060E-01 : : 65.0 1.076E+01 2.214E-01 : : 77.0 1.350E+01 2.326E-01 : : 100.0 1.903E+01 2.467E-01 : : 150.0 3.166E+01 2.550E-01 : : 200.0 4.446E+01 2.571E-01 : : 295.0 6.909E+01 2.613E-01 : ********************************************* High purity clear fused quartz Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 2.612E-01 1.022E-01 : : 20.0 2.395E+00 1.530E-01 : : 50.0 9.606E+00 3.400E-01 : : 65.0 1.555E+01 4.449E-01 : : 77.0 2.143E+01 5.291E-01 : : 100.0 3.554E+01 6.900E-01 : : 150.0 7.703E+01 9.500E-01 : : 200.0 1.296E+02 1.140E+00 : : 295.0 2.501E+02 1.371E+00 : ********************************************* Crystal quartz, parallel to c-axis Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 4.383E+02 2.403E+02 : : 20.0 1.873E+04 7.200E+02 : : 50.0 2.705E+04 1.180E+02 : : 65.0 2.842E+04 7.423E+01 : : 77.0 2.919E+04 5.719E+01 : : 100.0 3.026E+04 3.900E+01 : : 150.0 3.174E+04 2.310E+01 : : 200.0 3.271E+04 1.640E+01 : : 295.0 3.395E+04 1.062E+01 : ********************************************* Crystal quartz, perpendicular to c-axis Temp. [K] theta [W/m] cond. [W/Km] : 4.0 3.322E+02 1.815E+02 : : 20.0 1.131E+04 3.700E+02 : : 50.0 1.552E+04 5.850E+01 : : 65.0 1.621E+04 3.777E+01 : : 77.0 1.661E+04 2.939E+01 : : 100.0 1.717E+04 2.080E+01 : : 150.0 1.797E+04 1.300E+01 : : 200.0 1.853E+04 9.500E+00 : : 295.0 1.925E+04 6.321E+00 : ********************************************* Electrical resitivities of ideally pure elements in 10^-8 ohm-m. From White p. 319 T(K) Ag Al Au Cu 295 1.61 2.74 2.20 1.70 273 1.47 2.50 2.01 1.55 250 1.34 2.24 1.83 1.40 200 1.04 1.65 1.44 1.06 150 0.73 1.00 1.04 0.70 100 0.42 0.47 0.63 0.35 80 0.29 0.46 0.21 0.64 50 0.11 0.05 0.20 0.050 25 0.010 ---- 0.027 0.0025 15 0.0011 ---- 0.0037 0.0001 Electrical resitivity of alloys, from White p. 319 Units are 10^-8 ohm-m Alloy 295 K 90 K 77 K 4.2 K Brass (70 Cu, 30 Zn): strained 7.2 5.0 ---- 4.3 annealed 6.6 4.2 ---- 3.6 Constantan (60 Cu, 40 Ni): 52.5 45 ---- 44 Manganin (84 Cu, 12 Mn, 4 Ni): 48 46 45 43 Monel (annealed) 50 ---- 32 30 Electrical resitivity of alloys, from Scott p. 337 Units were ohms per foot for a cross section of 1 circular mil. One circular mil is the area of a circle 0.001" in diameter; multiply Scott's numbers by 0.166 to get units of 10^-8 ohm-m as below. Alloy 273 K 195 K 76 K 20 K Stainless steel 304: 102.5 70.6 56.0 55.2 Manganin: 47.3 46.9 44.4 42.4 According to Scott p. 336, electrical tough pitch copper follows resistivity of pure material plus a constant residual resistivity. This residual becomes dominant below about 20 K, and is somewhere in the range of 0.002 to 0.01 times the room temperature resistivity. This is common behaviour for materials that are relatively pure but still alloys. Wiedemann-Franz-Lorenz law for pure metals: rho*lambda = L*T where rho is resistivity lambda is thermal conductivity T is temperature L = 2.45 10^-8 W-ohm/K^2 The optimal l/A ratio for a wire with constant resitivity vs. T is (Mercouroff, Cryogenics 3, 171-173, Sept. 1963): l/A = 1./i sqrt(2*theta/rho)